NCERT Q&A for Class 8 Science Chapter 8 Cell – Structure and Functions
1. Write short notes on the following.
(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Nucleus of a cell
Soln:
(a) Cytoplasm:
The cytoplasm is a fluid that contains all the cell organelles such as the Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi bodies, etc. It is present between the nucleus and the plasma membrane. It helps in the exchange of materials between cell organelles. It is made up of eighty percent water and is usually clear and colourless.
(b) The nucleus of a cell:
The Nucleus is a double-membrane bound cell organelle present in eukaryotic cells. It contains the DNA, the genetic material. It is the command centre of the cell and is spherical in shape. It has the following components:
- Nuclear membrane
- Nucleolus
- Chromosomes
It has is a double-layered membrane. It separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm and acts as a wall. It has pores that allow the transfer of certain substances in and out of the cell.
2. Nucleolus:
It is a small dense spherical body. It is not bound by any membrane.
3. Chromosome:
These are thread-like structures that carry genes. All the necessary information required for the transfer of characteristics from the parents to the offspring are stored in the genes. Inheritance of characteristics is possible only because of chromosomes.
2. Which part of the cell contains organelles?
Soln:
Various cell organelles are present in the cytoplasm. It is a clear and colorless fluid that contains organelles like Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi bodies.
3. Where are chromosomes found in a cell? State their function.
Soln:
Chromosomes are thread-like structures present in the nucleus that carry genes. All the necessary information required for the transfer of characteristics from the parents to the offspring are stored in the genes. Inheritance of characteristics is possible only because of chromosomes.
4. ‘Cells are the basic structural units of living organisms’. Explain.
Soln:
Various components of plants and animals are constituted by cells. It is the smallest unit of life and is capable of all living functions. They are the building blocks of life. That is the reason why cells are referred to as ‘the basic structural and functional blocks of life’.
Cells exist in various shapes and sizes and perform a wide range of activities.
Their shapes and sizes are related to the function it performs.
5. Explain why chloroplasts are found only in plant cells.
Soln:
Chloroplasts are plastids required for the food making process, called photosynthesis, and thus they are only present in plant cells.